Robert Henri (25 June 1865 - 12 July 1929) was an American painter and teacher. He was a leading figure of the Ashcan School in art.

Robert Henri was born Robert Henry Cozad in Cincinnati, Ohio to Theresa Gatewood Cozad of Malden, Virginia and John Jackson Cozad, a gambler and real estate developer.

Henri had a brother, Johnny, and was a distant cousin of the noted American painter Mary Cassatt.

In 1871, Henri's father founded the town of Cozaddale, Ohio. In 1873, the family moved west to Nebraska, where they founded the town of Cozad.